This article reviews the book by Akita and Kataoka (Regional inequality and development: Measurement and applications in Indonesia, 2022). The book first provides an overview of various measurement methods of regional inequality. Next, it presents four case studies that deepen our understanding of regional inequality in the context of the development challenges of Indonesia: decentralization, premature deindustrialization, financial crisis, and low labor productivity, among others. Overall, this book provides an excellent introduction and application of inequality decomposition methods in the context of regional disparities and structural change.